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  Eastside Landmark: A History of the East Los Angeles Community Union, 1968-1993

  John Chávez

  "Established in 1968 to improve conditions in the barrio of East Los Angeles, the East Los Angeles Community Union has had a pronounced impact on the area, providing social services, helping increase political representation, and, most notably, promoting economic development, particularly through extensive real estate dealings. The history of TELACU is especially significant because it has provided a model for community development in other Mexican-American neighborhoods throughout the Southwest (including Oakland, California; San Antonio, Texas; Embudo, New Mexico; and Phoenix, Arizona).

  TELACU and other ethnic community development corporations also offer a successfully tested general model of cooperative economic development for the nation’s cities. Though this model cannot end poverty in America and its attendant problems, it offers a vision of economically self-sufficient communities equitably integrated into larger regional and national bodies for mutual improvement.

  Moreover, as nonprofit, cooperative institutions that operate between government and business, organizations like TELACU offer a viable alternative in a world where many have rejected the extremes of collectivism, but still suspect capitalism. Such community development corporations can help prepare society for the larger cooperative efforts necessary for the progress of national and global communities."

  -Stanford University Press

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  Jerry Bywaters: Lone Star Printmaker

  Ellen Buie Niewyk

  Jerry Bywaters – Lone Star Printmaker chronicles the printmaking career of Texas regionalist artist Jerry Bywaters (1906 – 1989). In 1935, Bywaters began recording the prints he made, primarily lithographs, when he noted ‘“Gargantua” First litho made (1935)’ on the first page of his print notebook. This study is based on that notebook and places Bywaters’s printmaking career within the context of art developments in Dallas through the 1940s. It includes a catalogue of his prints, information regarding the history of each print, and reproductions of his known illustrations and ephemera.

  Bywaters played a major role in establishing the Texas Regionalism movement of the 1930s and 1940s. From his early days as a student at Southern Methodist University in the 1920s, and his subsequent association with the University’s scholarly journal Southwest Review, Bywaters looked to his southwest surroundings for inspiration. In May 1938, Bywaters was one of sixteen Texas artists who formed their own printmakers’ organization, the Lone Star Printmakers, which was loosely patterned on the Associated American Artists organization. As a printmaker and a founding member of the organization, Bywaters supported the growth of interest in printmaking in Texas. The printmaking medium allowed Bywaters to produce multiple copies of his art and to further his campaign of regionalism by circulating his images to a wide audience. World War Two caused the Lone Star Printmakers to disband – the last print circuit was in 1942. In 1943, Bywaters was appointed director of the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, a position he held for twenty years. Administrative responsibilities at the Museum slowed Bywaters’s printmaking career. He created his last print, Near Fort Garland, Colo., in 1948.

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  Migration, Trade, and Development

  Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas; The Tower Center for Political Studies, Southern Methodist University; Department of Economics at Southern Methodist University; and Jno E. Owens Foundation

  "Migration and trade are more prevalent today than ever before in the history of the world. The United States is the recipient of about one-third of the world’s migrants and accounted for a quarter of the world’s output and 13 percent of the world’s trade in 2005. But the global significance of the U.S. economy is slowly declining, and while the effects of migration and trade on the U.S. economy have been examined time and again, questions concerning the impact of migration and trade on development in low-income countries are of growing importance.

  Simple, neoclassical economic models predict that prices should drive factors such as labor and capital across regions and countries toward their most valuable use. As this happens, developing countries, which are typically labor-rich and capital-scarce, should experience more rapid growth, higher income, and eventually convergence to industrial world levels of well-being. This process is happening slowly in some cases, but in other cases not at all.

  Do migration and trade speed this convergence? If so, how? If not, why? These questions are addressed from different perspectives in the following papers presented at the conference “Migration, Trade, and Development,” held in Dallas in October 2006."